Future Internet Media is characterized by diverse networking conditions, bandwidth, storage and processing demanding multimedia content, as well as, non-withering user satisfaction. Particularly, scalable and 3D immersive media to individual users still remains a highly challenging problem due to the large amount of data involved, diverse network characteristics, user terminal requirements, as well as user's context.
eNebula has developed a framework for QoE-aware delivering of scalable 2D and 3D video across heterogeneous wireless networks. The solution is a synergy between the LTE EPC architecture and IEEE 802.21 protocol that ensures real-time control and monitoring of key performance indicators and parameters relative to the perceived video QoE across different layers and entities. What is more, the proposed architecture does not require any alteration of the standardized LTE EPC interfaces, hence it can be smoothly integrated with the current mobile operators' deployments.
Cloud Computing is undeniably one the most successful computing paradigms in the IT industry, a recent trend which managed to revolutionize the methods that enterprises utilize for providing services and solutions. Its operational model that allows users to access over the Internet, elastically and on-demand an enormous pool of configurable computing resources such as servers, networks, storage and applications, gained a huge momentum due to the decreased operational cost along with the increased availability and flexibility it offers.
The pillars of the media-aware mobile cloud can be traced down to the actual media platform prerequisites, the entities that facilitate system interoperability and scaling, together with the building blocks of the underlying cloud computing infrastructure. It is therefore expected from providers to design their ecosystem in a way that:
eNebula has developed a solution that aims to optimize both resource-centric (utilization, availability, reliability, incentive) and user-centric (response time, budget spent, fairness) and media centric (QoS, QoE) targets. A common management framework is operating across this distributed resource pool, going beyond current approaches to cloud computing. The management framework enables computing and communication services to be provisioned together to meet the needs of services such as live media applications. With cloud networking, resource allocation and service migration can dynamically take advantage of available network, computational and storage resources.
Next Generation Networks are replacing the current telecommunication networks, it follows that the current emergency systems need to be upgraded as well in order to fulfill the NGN regulatory requirements in terms of emergency services. The actual emergency systems are based on old-fashioned telecommunication technologies that cannot cope with the new IP-based services that the European citizens use every day. Some of these limitations can be summarized as follows:
Therefore, the challenges for novel next generation emergency services include:
eNebula has developed a solution for supporting Next Generation rich content Emergency Services. The proposed solution incorporates Personal Area Network and IoT data to messages using the SIP protocol in order to establish a rich media call to the corresponding PSAP. In our case the PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE/NOTIFY framework is incorporated for asynchronous event notification. This lightweight solution, while not energy hungry in order to satisfy the energy constrains imposed by IoT ecosystem, is still flexible enough to support powerful services.
User Profiling is defined as the process for identifying data regarding a user’s interest domain. Such information could be utilized in order for a system to enhance its insight about the user’s perception, level of satisfaction, etc. Particularly in an era of immersive multimedia services user's profile plays a vital role in helping the network service providers for offering the better service in order to achieve the high user satisfaction. Traditionally, user analysis is based on log files. The analysis of log files helps the service providers to generate the usage pattern of current service accordingly the user behavior. There are many important factors, which contribute in constructing the user profiles that clearly illustrate the behavior and habits of the users, e.g. age, sex, etc.
Specifically, Quality of Experience is closely related with user profiles. Since QoE is defined as the measure of overall acceptability of an application or service perceived subjectively by the end user, the scientific community apply both explicit and implicit user profiling methods. Explicit user profiling involves the characterisation of static and predictable characteristics (i.e., user's available data made available by online forms and surveys). Implicit user profiling or Ontological profiling provides future estimations of the user's behaviour, likes, etc.
eNebula is actively involved in user profiling for setting up video subjective evaluation panels. The company has extensive experience in 2D and 3D video quality evaluation using subjective testing, implementing subjective evaluation testbeds based on the most prominent subjective assessment methodologies recommended by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), such as ITU-R Rec. BT.500 for standard definition [4], ITU-R Rec. BT.710 for high definition [5] and ITU-T Rec. P.910 for low resolution video [6]. Moreover, eNebula has been conducting survey and setting up questionnaires for the evaluation of the perceived video quality and the user’s satisfaction.
New technologies are emerging to create the next generation 5G network. These new technologies will deliver higher network capacity, allow the support of more users, lower the cost per bit, enhance energy efficiency and provide the adaptability to introduce future services and devices. It is envisioned that the 5G network will support data rates reaching speeds up to 10 Gb/s and reduces the latency to as low as 1 millisecond end-to-end. One approach of increasing throughput inside the 5G network is by utilizing network coding enabled heterogeneous wireless small cells.
The small cell technology is the most effective solution to deliver ubiquitous 5G services in a cost-effective and energy efficient manner to its users. In particular, mobile small cells are proposed to cover the urban landscape and can be set up on the fly, based on demand, using mobile devices. Being networks consisting of mobile devices which are within relatively close proximity to one another, heterogeneous mobile small cells, allow device-to-device (D2D) communications enabling high data rate services such as video sharing, gaming and proximity-aware social networking. Consequently, end-users are provided with this plethora of 5G broadband services while the D2D communications improves throughput, energy efficiency, latency and fairness.
eNebula is focusing on developing a security framework for these network coding enabled mobile small cells. Particularly we are interested in combining blockchain technology and secure key sharing schemes over the network coding overlay network, thus safeguarding mobile devices form malicious users and data pollution attacks and in parallel minimizing the security signaling that legacy key management schemes require.
eNebula's blochchain-based secure network coding framework considers a distributed ledger, of tags generated per native packet for each packet generation. These tags are added as the entries in a particular block in the blockchain with its generation number signed by the private key of the source. The security scheme considers the blockchain is secure and cannot be altered by anyone other than the source node who has the secret key. Instead of the legacy architecture that assumes a trusted and secure central controller, we have a distributed ledger over the nodes that hold the tags.